About This Journal

UARJ is a peer-reviewed, undergraduate journal registered with the National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) that accepts submissions of any subject, from any undergraduate institution. We welcome submissions for publication in UARJ, from institutions ranging from engineering colleges to management, agriculture and Information Technology institutions. The review process for publication includes peer, graduate, and faculty referees, ensuring that the Journal publishes competitive material that follows the Journal’s standards for academic, creative, and passionate work.

Abstracting and Indexing

Google Scholar Rating (h-index: 6)

Aims & Scope

This journal provides a platform to the undergraduates to publish their own work and showcase their talents in any academic subject. Research, reviews, photos and art can be featured side-by-side as a testament to the scholarly power of undergraduate students.

Our mission is to print outstanding undergraduate research, scholarly articles, Hackathon Projects, Student projects and creative works to make them available to the public and connect the worldwide community of college undergraduates. Our flagship product Undergraduate Academic Research Journal (URJA) is open to students internationally.

As a part of our service, we are able to focus on meeting the needs of authors and addressing individual issues, and we aim to make significant contributions to undergraduate and post-graduate communities. Our peer-review process involves engaging specialists to read and comment on the submissions in order to validate the quality of the work. URJA also works alongside professionals, and faculty members, to train students for case writing, research report writing and preparing for student hackthon.

Instruction to Authors

Submitted papers should not have been previously published nor be currently under consideration for publication elsewhere (N.B. Conference papers may only be submitted if the paper was not originally copyrighted and if it has been completely re-written). All papers are refereed through a double blind review process. A guide for authors, sample copies and other relevant information for submitting papers are available on the Submission of Papers page. Note: Authors are required to submit their papers in the MS Word format to the following Email id with a copy to the Editor- in-Chief of the Journal. Please mention the title of the Journal in subject area to which you are submitting your paper.

Editorial Board Members

Founder Editor-in-Chief

• Prof. Srikanta Patnaik. Principal Mentor, Interscience Research Network
  Director, Interscience Institute of Management & Technology, Bhubaneswar, India

Editor-in-Chief

• Prof. Dhananjaya Sarangi. Department of Information Technology, I.I.M.T., Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Associate Editors

• Dr. Xiaodong Li College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua, China Email: lxd@hhtc.edu.cn
• Dr. Satyabrata Maity, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Khandagiri, Odisha, India

Managing Editor

• Mr. Kamalakanta Swain, Email: urja@interscience.ac.in

Editorial Board

• Prof. Rabi N Mahapatra Department of Computer Science Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-3112 USA
• Trilok Kumar Saini, Scinetist - 'E', Wireless Networking Division, DEAL, DRDO, Dehradun
• Dr. K. Karibasappa, Prof & Head, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering Shavige Malleswara Hills Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering Kumaraswamy Layout BANGALORE -560078
• Prof. Boyun Zhang Hunan Police Academy, Changsha, China.
• Subrat Kumar Prustry, DGM Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
• Professor Madan M. Gupta Professor (Emeritus) & Director Intelligent Systems Research Laboratory College of Engineering University of Saskatchewan SASKATOON, SK. S7N 5A9, CANADA
• Dr. D. Jude Hemanth Associate Professor, Electronics and Telecomm. Engg. Karunya University, India E-mail: jude_hemanth@rediffmail.com
• Dr. Mahesh Chandra, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering BIT Mesra, Ranchi Ranchi, India
• Professor N. S Murthy, Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology, Warangal - 506004, A.P, INDIA
• Prof. Dr. C.Karthikeyan, Principal, T. John Institute of Management And Science, Bannerghatta Road, Bangalore
• Dr.N.Raghavendra Sai, Department of Computer Science, KL University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh
• Prof. M. N. Das Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar Orissa, India
• Prof. Benudhar Sahoo Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Konark Institute of Science and Technology Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
• Prof. Pranati Das Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indira Gandhi Institute of Technology, saranga Dhenkanal, Orissa,
• Prof. R. P. Panda Department of Electronics and Telecommunication engineering VSS university of Technology, Burla, Sambalpur, Orissa, India
• Prof. S. K. Patra Department of Electronics and Telecommunication engineering National Institute of technology, Rourkela Orissa, India
• Prof. Rajeev Dey Department of Electrical Engineering Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim
• Prof. Chandan Singh Rawat Department of Electronics and Telecommunication engineering VES (Vivekananda Educational Society) Institute of Technology, Mumbai
• Kandarpa Kumar Sarma Assistant Professor (SG), Department of Electronics and Communication Technology, Gauhati University Guwahati-781014, Assam.

Editorial Policy

The authors should strictly follow the given guidelines for preparing the manuscripts to be submitted to the journal. Manuscripts not adhering to the journal format and style may need revision or may also be rejected. Also, the journal reserves all right, to make further language corrections or formal changes in an accepted manuscript to comply with the formatting requirements of the journal. Author(s) will be solely responsible for all the claims and statements made in their work and acquiring the required permission for republishing any materials that has been previously published.

The Editorial Process

The submitted manuscript will have to go through double blind peer review process for publication. The manuscript must be original, must not be published anywhere previously, must not be simultaneously submitted to multiple journals or conferences; moreover, the submitted manuscript must not be accepted already for publication anywhere else. One of the authors has to be authorized to correspond with the respective Journal for all the matters related to the publication of the submitted manuscript. The prescribed Journal format and guidelines must be strictly followed for the preparation of the manuscripts. The received manuscripts will be duly acknowledged. Initially, formal review of the manuscript will be carried out by the editors on submission for suitability to the respective Journal. Manuscripts lacking originality, with serious technical or scientific issues and not related to the scope of the Journal then it will be rejected in the first stage itself. Manuscripts satisfying the basic requirements in the first stage will be sent for technical review to two or more experts in the concerned area. Selecting expert reviewers for double blind review is at the complete discretion of the editor. The Journals follow double-blind review process where the reviewers and authors will be unaware of each other. The corresponding author will be conveyed about the acceptance/rejection/amendments needed along with the reviewer comments and suggestions as received. The final decision on the manuscript will be taken by the editor on the basis of reviewer comments and suggestions. In case of revisions, the author is requested to provide the response to the reviewer comments on a point to point basis in the manuscript’s revised version. This process will be repeated until the reviewers and editors are satisfied with the quality of the submitted manuscript.

After acceptance, the final version of the manuscript will be next copy edited for print style, grammar and punctuation's. Copy editing will be followed by the process of proofreading where corresponding authors will receive proofs of the manuscripts. The corresponding author must return the corrected proofs within deadline. Corrections submitted after deadline may not be incorporated. The entire editorial process will be accomplished online for faster publication.

Authorship criteria

Authorship credit of the submitted manuscript should be established on the below mentioned components: 1.Conceptualization or design of the research work of the submitted manuscript; 2.Acquisition or analysis of data; 3.Initial drafting or revising of the manuscript to enhance the quality; 4.Finalizing the last version of the manuscript to be published.

All the contributors should participate sufficiently in preparing the manuscript. The order sequence in which the contributors’ name will appear should be according to relative contribution towards conducting the research work and preparation of the manuscript as well. Once the manuscript is submitted, the order of the contributors’ names cannot be changed.

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism, defined as the representation of another author’s thoughts, language, ideas, without giving appropriate credit to their true source or the original author(s). Plagiarism is considered as a violation of academic ethics and integrity. At IRNET, we deal with problems related to plagiarism and other scientific misconduct issues by following the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). IRNET uses Turnitin for screening plagiarism of the submitted articles.

Copyright Policy

In order to IRNET to publish and disseminate research articles, certain publishing rights are needed from authors. These rights to transfer copyright to IRNET are determined by a publishing agreement between IRNET and the author. Copyright Form can be downloaded from the provided link.

Conflicts of Interest/ Competing Interests

Authors of the submitted manuscript are supposed to disclose all possible conflicts of interest (if any) which they might have with any institution, organization or product mentioned in the manuscript.

Submission of Manuscripts

Manuscripts to be submitted should be written in English language and must be submitted to the respective Journal. Manuscripts should have liberal margins and space at the top and bottom of the page. All manuscripts must be submitted online through the respective Journal link.

Cover Letter

The authors must clearly state the purpose of the paper indicating its importance to the respective field of research and its expected contribution in the cover letter. The authors must also disclose all conflicts of interests regarding funding sources or products or institutions (if any).

Authors Guidelines

For Use of MS Word Format:

The Manuscript must be prepared on standard-sized paper (8.5” x 11”), double spaced with 1” margins on all sides. 12 pt Times New Roman fonts should be used for Manuscript preparation. Fonts should be restricted to Times New Roman in both the document as well as within graphics

• Manuscript should be typed in double-column format
• The authors should use a simple layout.
• The authors should not embed "graphically designed" equations or tables; instead prepare these using the word-processor's facility such as equation editor.
• Single table grid should be used for each individual table while preparing tables for the manuscript. Authors should use tabs and not spaces to align columns in case no grid is used
• Authors should prepare electronic text in a manner similar to that of conventional manuscripts.
• Authors should use the "spell-check" and "grammar-check" functions of the word-processor to avoid unnecessary errors.

Article Structure:

Title:

• It must be Concise and informative
• Information-retrieval systems often use Titles for retrieving information.
• Formulae and abbreviations should be avoided in title where possible.
• The first character of each word in the title has to be capitalized.

Author names and affiliations:

• Ambiguous family names should be indicated clearly.
• Authors’ affiliation addresses should be presented below the names.
• All affiliations should be indicated with a lower-case superscript letter following immediately the authors’ name and also before each affiliation.
• All affiliation should include complete address including country name.
• If available, each authors’ e-mail address should be provided or at least e-mail address of the corresponding author should be given.

Corresponding Author

• The corresponding author, who will be responsible for all correspondences including refereeing, publication and post publication, should be clearly indicated.
• Main affiliation address should contain the address where the authors’ had done the work.
• Telephone numbers and fax numbers should be provided with country followed by area code in addition to e-mail address in foot note.
• Both present and permanent addresses must be provided in footnote in case the corresponding author was visiting the work place during the time the research work was being carried out.

Abstract:

• Authors’ should provide a concise and factual content in abstract within the limit of 250 words.
• The abstract should present a brief summarization of the purpose for the research, the hypothesis tested, the approach used, the principal results followed by major conclusions.
• References should be avoided in abstract.
• Abstract should not contain Non-standard or uncommon abbreviations.

Keywords

• Since, keywords are used for indexing purposes so, specific keywords should be provided.
• A maximum of 6 keywords should be provided immediately after the abstract.
• It should avoid usage of general and plural terms and compound terms.
• In keywords, abbreviations should also be avoided.
• Keywords should be left aligned.

Subdivision - numbered sections

• The authors’ should divide the article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Numbering of subsections should be done as 1.1 continuing with 1.1.1, 1.1.2…, 1.2, etc. for next levels of hierarchy.
• Abstract should not be included in section numbering.
• Numbering of sections should be used for internal cross-referencing: authors should not just refer to "the text".
• Separate lines should be used for each heading.
• Subsections should also be given a brief heading.

Introduction

• Introduction should present a description for the submitted research work with sufficient background along with proposed hypothesis.
• State the objectives of the research work.
• A strong background should be provided while avoiding a detailed literature survey or also summary of the results should be avoided so that scientifically literate reader can understand.
• In-text citations should be included wherever required.

Material and methods

• The authors’ should provide materials and subjects that are used in the study as well as the procedures adopted to complete the work.
• Sufficient details of the methods should be provided to allow the work to be reproduced by competent researchers.
• Authors’ should provide illustrations or tables which will help to describe complex procedures.
• Tools used for analyzing the data should be presented.
• Existing methods that have been already published should be indicated by a reference and relevant modifications should be elaborated.
• Statements for necessary ethical approval from appropriate committees should be provided in case of involvement of animals or human subjects.
• Company source should be provided for all uncommon reagents like, drugs, kits etc.
• Ethical approval from appropriate ethics committee should be acquired for all procedures involving experimental animals or human subjects.

Theory/calculation

• Authors should not repeat existing theories already presented in background. However, authors’ can extend the theory for further work.
• Practical development of theoretical basis can be presented through illustration of calculations.

Results

• Appropriate statistical tools should be used to present the analysis of data acquired from the research work.
• For each experiment, the authors should provide proper description, results obtained along with its significance.
• Results representation should be clear and concise.
• Figures and tables can be used to illustrate results with descriptive captions.
• Captions should be capable of providing appropriate information to the reader.
• Both quantitative as well as qualitative results can be provided.

Discussion

• This section map the results obtained to the problem being investigated.
• Discussion should explain the significance of the results of the work, it should not repeat them.
• Comparative description of related references should be included to support the significance of the authors’ work.
• Results of the hypothesis test should be provided in this section.
• A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate.
Extensive citations and discussion of published literature should be avoided in this section.

Figures and captions

• It should be ensured that each illustration must have a caption.
• Captions should be provided separately and should not be attached to the figure.
• A caption should consist of a brief description of the illustration.
• All symbols and abbreviations used in illustrations should be explained by keeping minimum text.

Tables

• Tables must be numbered consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text.
• Table captions should be positioned at the top of the table.

Math formulae

• Simple formulae should be presented in the line of normal text where possible.
• Equation editor should be used to present all compound formulae.
• Variables should be presented in italics.
• Authors should use exp to denote powers of e.
• All equations should be numbered consecutively so that it can be referred easily in text.

Footnotes

• Footnotes should be used sparingly.
• Footnotes should be numbered in consecutive sequence using superscript Arabic numbers.
• Footnotes should not be used in the reference list.

Conclusions

• Conclusions of the study should be derived from the Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
• Authors’ should provide standalone description of the research work with the findings supporting the claims.
• Open directions for further extension of the research work should also be discussed in this section.

Acknowledgements – Limit of 100 Words

• Acknowledgement should provide credit to the people who have helped the authors in the research work or manuscript preparation but are not included in authorship.
• All applicable grants and funding should be mentioned here.

Reference Citation style in Text:

IRNET is following basic APA referencing style for references as follows:

All references used in writing the paper should be listed here including the author name, date of publication, title and more.

APA reference list must include the following:

• Start on a new page.
• The list of references must be arranged alphabetically by name of first author.
• If multiple works of the same author has been referred then order these by date.
In case the publications of the same author belong to the same year, order them alphabetically in terms of the title along with allocating a lowercase alphabet (such as a, b, c etc) after the date.

In-Text References

• In-text references must be included where a quote or paraphrase has been taken from another author’s work.
• In-text references correspond to a reference listed in the main list of references.
• These citations are presented using the surname of the author followed by the year of publication. For example, the work of James Jonas in the year 2017 can be cited as (Jonas, 2017).
• A page number must be added in case of using a direct quotes. For example, (Jonas, 2017, p. 104)
• In case of two authors, surname of both the authors must be stated. For example, (Jonas & Smith, 2017).
• In case of three to five authors, the names of all the authors should be listed in the first citation of the work. For example, (Jonas, Smith, & Branson, 2017). For next citations, only first author’s surname followed by et al can be used. For example, (Jonas et al, 2017).
• Again, in case of six or more authors, surname of the first author only should be stated followed by et al and the publication year. For example, (Jonas et al, 2017).
• To cite multiple works of an author from the same year, lowercase letters a, b, c etc should follow the year of publication. For example, (Jonas, 2017a) or (Jonas, 2017b).
• Multiple works of the same author from different years can be cited as the author’s surname, chronologically followed by years of publications. For example, (Jonas, 2007, 2013, 2017).
• Multiple works of different authors from different years can be cited as the authors’ surname together, ordered alphabetically followed by years of publications where each work is separated from the other by a semicolon. For example, (Jonas & Smith 2017; Branson, Coytne, & Davis, 2015).
• A secondary source can be cited by stating the original author and publication year followed by ‘as cited in’. The author’s name and publication year of the secondary author should be following it.
• While in-text citations do not vary with source type, referencing style does vary with the source type.

Examples of References:

Book:

Format: Author surname, Initial(s). (Year). Title(ed.). Publisher location: Publisher (ed) is edition, not applicable for first edition.

Examples:

Jonas, J.A., Branson, M., & Coytne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. London, England: My Publisher Jones, A.F & Wang, L. (2011). Spectacular creatures: The Amazon rainforest (2nd ed.). San Jose, Costa Rica: My Publisher

Edited Book:

Format: Author surname, Initial(s).(Ed(s).). (Year). Title(ed.). Publisher location: Publisher Ed(s) represents editors. Ed is used for single editor and Eds for multiple editors.

Examples:

Sawyer, S.T. (Ed.). (2015). Referencing: A guide to references and citations (3rd ed.). New York, NY: My Publisher

Chapter in an Edited Book:

Format: Surname of the chapter author, Initial(s). (Year). Chapter Title. In editor initial(s), surname (Ed.). Title (ed., pp.chapter page range). location:

Publisher Examples:

In the following example, N.B. Thompson is the author of the chapter and S.T. Sawyer is the editor. Thompson, N.B. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Sawyer (Ed.). A guide to references and citations (2nd ed., pp. 50-95). New York, NY: Publishers.

Journal Article:

Format: Author surname, Initial(s).(Year). Article Title. Journal Title, Volume Number (Issue or part number, optional), page numbers. DOI or Retrieved from URL

Examples:

Lachner, A., Backfisch, I., Hoogerheide, V., van Gog, T., & Renkl, A. (2020). Timing matters! Explaining between study phases enhances students’ learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(4), 841–853. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000396

Conference Proceedings:

Wang, T., Tan, N., & Qiu, J. (2020, December). Designing of New Global Sliding Mode Controller for Bridge Crane. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technologies and Electrical Engineering (pp. 7-11). https://doi.org/10.1145/3452940.3452942

Dissertation:

Horvath-Plyman, M. (2018). Social media and the college student journey: An examination of how social media use impacts social capital and affects college choice, access, and transition (Publication No. 10937367) [Doctoral dissertation, New York University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

Online Magazine Article:

Gander, K. (2020, April 29). COVID-19 Vaccine Being Developed in Australia Raises Antibodies to Neutralize Virus in Pre-clinical Tests. Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/australia-covid-19-vaccine-neutralize-virus-1500849

Blog Post:

Rutledge, P. (2019, March 11). The Upside of Social Media. DR. PAM RUTLEDGE | MEDIA PSYCHOLOGY. https://www.pamelarutledge.com/the-upside-of-social-media/

Report by a Group Author

World Health Organization. (2018, April 24). Comprehensive implementation plan on maternal, infant and young child nutrition. https://apps.who.int/nutrition/publications/CIP_document/en/index.html

Report by Individual Authors

Winthrop, R. (2019, August 20). How playful learning can help leapfrog progress in education. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/research/how-playful-learning-can-help-leapfrog-progress-in-education/

Data Set

O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1) [Data set]. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

Infographic

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Data sharing [Infographic]. https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/ data-sharing-infographic.pdf

Webpage

Chandler, N. (2020, December 17). What's the Difference Between Sasquatch and Bigfoot? How Stuff Works. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/strange-creatures/sasquatch-bigfoot-difference.htm